Preclinical contract research: animal models of neurological disorders:

         Acute pain

• Hot plate
• Tail flick

         Chronic pain

• “Chung” model (neuropathic pain) 

(For an example report ([Click here])

• “Brennan” model (post-surgical pain) 

(For an example publication [Click here])

         Inflammatory pain (acute/chronic[arthritic])

• Paw edema (induced by carrageenan [sub-cutaneous or intra-articular], histamine [intra-plantar], or lipopolysaccharide [intra-plantar]) 

(For an example publication [Click here])

• Formalin injection 

(For an example publication [Click here])

        Inflammatory pain (chronic)

• Freund’s adjuvant injection (sub-cutaneous or intra-articular) 

(For an example publication [Click here])

         Back pain

• Morphine-induced Straub tail (muscle relaxant model) 

(For an example report [Click here])

        Vascular pain

• EMG activity (flexor reflexes) following injection of test substance.  Example data below:

Diabetic neuropathy

• Streptozotocin-induced neuropathy

(For an example report [Click here])

Chemotherapeutic pain

• Taxol or vincristine-induced

(For an example publications [Click here1; Click here2])

(For example data [Click here]